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Reading comprehension
The first Amendment to the American Constitution declares freedom of the press to all people. Although this right was not officially adopted until 1791, the famous Zenger trail of 1735 laid the groundwork for insuring this precious freedom. John Peter Zenger emigrated as a teenager from Germany. In 1733, he began publishing the New York Weekly Journal.The following year, he was arrested for writing a story about the crown-appointed governor of New York. While Zenger was imprisoned for nine months his wife dutifully published the newspaper everyday, bravely telling the truth about the corrupt government officials sent by the king to govern the colonies.
Finally Zenger’s long-waited trail took place. The hostile judge dismissed Zenger’s local lawyers, making it necessary for his wife to seek out Andrew Hamilton, a prominent Philadelphia lawyer. Persuaded by Hamilton, the jury bravely returned a not-guilty verdict, defying the judge’s orders for a conviction.
As a result of determination and bravery on the part of the colonists, a lasting victory for freedom of the press was gained by a young immigrant.
Câu 1: John Peter Zenger was a
A. famous lawyer B. corrupt governor of New York
C. brave newspaper publisher D. hostile judge
Câu 2: What political problem existed in the colonies at that time?
A. Lawyers were hostile to witnesses.
B. Government officials were corrupt.
C. Newspapers exaggerated the truth about the political officials.
D. All newspaper publishers were imprisoned.
Câu 3: How long did it take after the Zenger trial before the concept of freedom of the press was officially adopted?
A. 58 years B. 9 months C. 56 years D. 1 year
Câu 4: All of the following are true EXCEPT
A. Andrew Hamilton encouraged the jury to fight for freedom
B. the king controlled the colonies through his own appointed rules.
C. the jury obeyed the judge’s orders and convicted Zenger
D. despite Zenger’s imprisonment, his newspaper continued to be published
Câu 5: Why was Peter Zenger arrested?
A. His wife published his newspaper for him
B. He emigrated from Germany
C. He persuaded a jury to defy the judge’s orders
D. He wrote a story about the governor of New York
Câu 6: It can be inferred that the judge was hostile toward Peter zenger because the judge
A. didn’t like interference with the Constitution
B. represented the ideas of the king
C. hated newspaper publishers
D. had appointed the governor about whom zenger wrote
Câu 7: the word ‘defying’ is closest in meaning to
A. defecting B. altering C. disregarding D. defending
Câu 8: The word ‘dutifully’ is closest in meaning to
A. vigorously B. faithfully C. carelessly D. unfortunately
Câu 9: the main idea of this passage is
A. judges don’t always get juries agree with them
B. Andrew Hamilton gave Americans freedom of the press
C. Peter Zenger’s trial prepared the way for jurors to defy judges’orders.
D. Peter Zenger’s persistent fight paved the way for freedom of the press

Reading comprehension

Hot boning is an energy-saving technique for the meat processing industry.It has received significant attention in resent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass.Cooling an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle.It is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers.
Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from the meat tissue.
Early excision, or hot boning, of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized, boning labor decreased, and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often results in the toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis.
Some reseachers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation

Câu 10: The word ‘accentuated’ is closest in meaning to
A. highlighted B. de-emphasized C. speeded up D. caused
Câu 11: All of the folowing are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of boning EXCEPT
A. Storage space requirements B. Toughness of meat
C. Loss of carcass weight D. Energy waste
Câu 12: The word ‘pressure’ is nearest in meaning to
A. cooking texture B. weight C. urgency D. flavor
Câu 13: Hot boning is becoming very popular because
A. meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat
B. it reduces the weight of the carcass
C. it causes meat to be very tender
D. it helps conserve energy and it less expensive than conventional methods
Câu 14: The word ‘carcass chiller’ is nearest in meaning to
A. a method of boning meat B. a refrigerator for the animal body
C. electrical stimulation of beef D. early excision
Câu 15: The word ‘early excision’ is closest in meaning to
A. hot boning B. carcass chilling
C. vacuum packaging D. electrical stimulation
Câu 16: The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by
A. removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor
B. using electrical stimulation before hot boning
C. tenderizing the meat
D. following hot boning with electrical stimulation
Câu 17: The word ‘bovine’ is nearest in meaning to
A. electrically stimulated B. beef
C. cold D. pork
Câu 18: The word ‘this’ refers to
A. hot boning B. hot boning following electrical stimulation
C. removing edible muscle and fat prerigor D. rigor mortis
Câu 19: The word ‘carcass’ is closest in meaning to
A. deboned meat B. refrigerator C. fat D. body
Câu 20: One reason is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that
A. it increases chilling time
B. the bones are able to be used for other purposes
C. it makes the meat more tender
D. it saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded

Read the text below and then choose the best answer to fill each space.

Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (21)_________ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase (22)_________ the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at (23)_________ from the force of the wind, rain and sun. (24)_________ to them, global warming is making extreme weather events; such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (25)_________ and causing sea levels all around the world to (26)_________. Environmental groups are putting (27)_________ on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (28)_________ by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (29)_________ of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations. Some scientists, (30)_________ , believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.

Câu 21: A. have B. put C. give D. take
Câu 22: A. in B. at C. by D. to
Câu 23: A. danger B. risk C. harm D. threat
Câu 24: A. Regarding B. Depending C. According D. Concerning
Câu 25: A. strike B. heavy C. severe D. strong
Câu 26: A. arise B. raise C. lift D. rise
Câu 27: A. force B. encouragement C. pressure D. persuasion
Câu 28: A. up B. over C. away D. off
Câu 29: A. suggestion B. request C. favor D. belief
Câu 30: A. although B. despite C. because D. however

Read the text below and then choose the best answer to fill each space.

Perhaps the most creative use of language in newspaper is in the advertisements. The writers have to catch and (31)……the reader’s attention. They often (32)……this with a play on words. You read the words and understand them one way and then suddenly you (33)…..that another interpretation is possible. Through the ambiguity the advertisement has caught your attention- and the advertiser (34)…..you’ll buy the product.
Under the picture of a new car are the words: “Not another family saloon.” The dual interpretation of that phrase is dependent on how it is pronounced. Misread it by putting the stress on the second word thereby projecting a message the advertiser would clearly not want , and this (35)…..you look again and pay conscious attention to the alternative message.
Advertising copywriters frequently (36) …..use of idioms. One advertisement showed girls wearing different coloured jeans, but none the traditional blue ones. Underneath were words: “Jeanius is
(37)…..ideas out of the blue.” On level, that (38)…..the jeans are not ordinary blue jeans but ones in a range of colours. But there is also the suggestion that these new jeans are a sudden piece of inspiration, a stroke of genius. “ Out of the blue” is an idiom which means quite unexpectedly and genius often
(39)…..getting a brilliant idea suddenly. That’s very clever, but it’s not quite the end of it, because it’s not genius they are (40)……about, but jeanius. That is another play on words, the product they are selling, after all, is a pair of jeans.

Câu 31: A. pay B. hold C. maintain D. remain
Câu 32: A. do B. have C. make D. succeed
Câu 33: A. wonder B. aware C. realize D. indicate
Câu 34: A. hopes B. makes C. sees D. wishes
Câu 35: A. causes B. tells C. forces D. makes
Câu 36: A. do B. make C. get D. have
Câu 37: A. arriving B. having C. making D. thinking
Câu 38: A. pretends B. seems C. tells D. means
Câu 39: A. contains B. compares C. involves D. is
Câu 40: A. saying B. telling C. meaning D. talking

Which word is stressed differently from the others?
Câu 41: 3.
A. employee B. pioneer C. criminal D. volunteer
Câu 42: 1.
A. millennium B. disappointed C. investigate D. department
Câu 43: 4.
A. success B. guilty C. sentence D. someone
Câu 44: 2.
A. computer B. newspaper C. evidence D. hospital
Câu 45: 5.
A. diamond B. robbery C. suspicion D. uniform

Which underlined part is pronounced differently?
Câu 46: 55.
A. finish B. child C. advise D. design
Câu 47: 11.
A. rough B. would C. could D. tourist
Câu 48: 44.
A. advertise B. cartoonist C. family D. banister
Câu 49: 22.
A. witness B. detective C. investigate D. situation
Câu 50: 33.
A. problem B. informal C. probably D. college

Choose the word (A, B, C, or D) that best completes each sentence.
Câu 51: He _________ cautiously into the room.
A. stepped B. wandered C. strolled D. headed
Câu 52: Why don’t you _________ for coffee some time?
A. drop by B. drop around C. all are correct D. drop in
Câu 53: Jane __________ to the hospital yesterday but nobody took her there.
A. must have gone B. could C. would go D. should have gone
Câu 54: The tomb had been _________ of its treasures.
A. robbed B. mugged C. burgled D. stole
Câu 55: Police have brought a charge of dangerous driving _________ the man.
A. of B. for C. against D. on
Câu 56: I don’t care __________ you go or not.
A. whether B. when C. why D. where
Câu 57: We need to work _________ the total cost of the project.
A. in B. on C. off D. out
Câu 58: Would you mind if I had you __________ Peter off at the airport tomorrow?
A. seeing B. to see C. seen D. see
Câu 59: We haven’t found a cure yet – but we are ____ the right track.
A. on B. in C. under D. along
Câu 60: Sally is ______ me ___ for the weekend.
A. putting … up B. making … up C. giving … up D. letting … up
Câu 61: He’d just finished doing his homework when you arrived, __________?
A. wouldn’t he B. hadn’t he C. didn’t he D. wasn’t he
Câu 62: She admitted _________ the money from her employers.
A. stealing B. robbing C. burgling D. mugging
Câu 63: His __________ son will go to school this fall.
A. five years old B. five – yeared old C. five years’ old D. five – year old
Câu 64: Greg _________ slowly toward her, smiling.
A. moved B. wandered C. walked D. strolled
Câu 65: Kim had forgotten to ______ his watch ___.
A. put … on B. put... up C. put … off D. put … out
Câu 66: He was casually dressed _________ jeans and a T-shirt.
A. with B. none of them C. by D. in
Câu 67: “Mark wasn’t there last night. How about you?”
“No, ________”.
A. I wasn’t either B. either was I C. I wasn’t so D. neither I was
Câu 68: If it keeps on raining, the basket-ball game ought __________.
A. to be postponed B. to postpone C. be postponed D. postponed
Câu 69: I’m depending on you to help me. Please don’t ______ me ___.
A. give up me B. put me up C. give me up D. put up me
Câu 70: The thief was _________ to six months’ imprisonment.
A. accused B. sentenced C. fined D. charged

Identify one underlined word or phrase that is incorrect.
Câu 71: Actually ,(A) by the time (B) Columbus arrived to (C) America in 1492, other Europeans had already (D) reached the New World.
Câu 72: Christianity has become (A) a worldwide (B) religion since it has begun (C) almost (D) two thousand years ago.
Câu 73: Mrs. Adams was surprising (A) that her (B) son and his friend had gone (C) to the mountains to ski. (D)
Câu 74: When parents allow his (A) children to spend many hours (B) watching television, the children are not likely (C) to be physically (D) fit.
Câu 75: Families who (A) are enough fortunate (B)to own a historic home may be (C) able to get (D) restoration funds from the government.
Câu 76: Antartica, which is largely (A) covered by ice, receive (B) hardly any (C) rainfall (D)
Câu 77: The first things (A) a new international (B) student must do include renting an apartment, registering for (C) classes, and to get (D) to know the city.
Câu 78: Jessica is only (A) an (B) amateur, but she sings sweeter (C) than (D) most professionals.
Câu 79: The most (A) Americans were killed in (B) World War II than in any (C) other war since (D) the birth of the nation.
Câu 80: As the population of Africa continues (A) to grow , (B) animals will continue to lose (C) theirs (D) natural habitat.
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